China
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
France
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
France takes part in efforts of all States parties, in particular developing States, to get full access to nuclear material, equipment and technological information for peaceful purposes civil applications of the atom in fields such as health, agriculture, protection of the environment and cultural heritage, and energy; as long as states are in compliance with their non-proliferation commitments. France in particular promotes the use of civil nuclear energy, for which the French nuclear industry is especially active in framing international cooperation.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
France has continued to support efforts of all States parties, in particular developing States, to get full access to nuclear material, equipment and technological information for peaceful purposes civil applications of the atom in fields such as health, agriculture, protection of the environment and cultural heritage, and energy; as long as states are in compliance with their non-proliferation commitments. At the 2023 NPT Preparatory, France presented a working paper on nuclear energy including developments on areas of cooperation and in 2025, a paper on principles and areas of engagement regarding bilateral nuclear cooperation. On 6 May 2025, it organised a side-event at the NPT Preparatory Committee dedicated to nuclear technologies used to fight against cancer. It organised a side-event in 2023 and 2024 on nuclear applications in preserving cultural and natural heritage and submitted a working paper at the 2025 NPT Preparatory Committee on the same topic.
On 10 March 2026, France hosted the second world summit in Paris in coordination with the IAEA to promote the civil use of nuclear energy.
France is a regular contributor to extra-budgetary funds such as the Peaceful Uses Initiative and the Nuclear Security Fund. In 2024, it contributed 250 000 euros to extra-budgetary contributions allotted to technical cooperation projects (6th individual country by contribution). In 2024, this contribution supported among other the Introduction of nuclear power project, a four-year new interregional project to support Member States in developing national infrastructure for safe, secure and sustainable nuclear power programmes. In addition, France was a donor to the ‘Rays of Hope’ programme in 2024, it hosted a ‘Zodiac’ National Laboratory and was one of the national coordinators of the programme which aims to prepare for and respond to zoonotic diseases. The yearly International School of Nuclear Law was held in Montpellier in 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025. In 2024, ten radiopharmacists participated in the School of Radiopharmacy, organised by the Agency in collaboration with France’s National Institute for Nuclear Science and Technology. Two Research Reactor Schools, conducted in France and the Russian Federation, trained young professionals from 17 Member States in a broad range of topics related to physics, safe operation and applications.
Sources
National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2
Third NPT Preparatory Committee – Peaceful Uses and Other Provisions of the Treaty – May 7, 2025 in New York, Statement by Nathalie Le Bars, 7 May 2025, https://onu-vienne.delegfrance.org/Third-NPT-Preparatory-Committee-Peaceful-Uses-and-Other-Provisions-of-the
Nuclear energy: Presentation of France’s offer Working paper submitted by France, NPT/CONF.2026/PC.I/WP.26, 27 July 2023, https://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/prepcom23/documents/WP26.pdf
Atoms for heritage: peaceful use of nuclear techniques for heritage science Working paper submitted by Albania, Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Egypt, France, Germany, Netherlands (Kingdom of the), Peru, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Slovenia, Spain, NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/WP.21, 1 April 2025, https://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/prepcom25/documents/WP21.pdf
France’s bilateral nuclear cooperation: principles and areas of engagement Working paper submitted by France, NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/WP.13, 4 March 2025, https://reachingcriticalwill.org/images/documents/Disarmament-fora/npt/prepcom25/documents/WP13.pdf
World Nuclear Energy Summit (10 March 2026), France Diplomacy, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/economic-diplomacy-foreign-trade/world-nuclear-energy-summit-10-march-2026/
Technical Cooperation Report for 2024, Report By the Director General, IAEA, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc69-inf6.pdf
Atoms for Peace and Development, Annual Report, 2024, https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc69-3.pdf
Russia
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
Russia consistently asserted that international non-proliferation efforts should not lead to unreasonable restrictions on legitimate trade in dual-use goods and technologies and on civil scientific and technological cooperation.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Russia continued to advocate broader access for States Parties to the Non-Proliferation Treaty to the benefits of peaceful nuclear energy and reaffirmed that each State Party has the right to pursue its national nuclear energy policy independently without interference, and to cooperate in this field without discrimination.
Russia additionally noted that imposing unilateral coercive measures, creating artificial barriers to bilateral and international cooperation and undermining the principle of equal access to nuclear materials, equipment and technical information to be used for peaceful purposes are violations of article IV of the Treaty.
Sources
National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.
https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf
National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.
https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14
National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.
https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1
United Kingdom
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
The UK's 10th Review Conference national report confirmed the UK's strong record of cooperation with other States parties to support the exchange of civilian nuclear technology for power and non-power related applications in a manner that minimises the risks of proliferation, through full support to the IAEA's Regular Budget and Technical Cooperation Fund contributions.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
The United Kingdom says that it has “a strong record of cooperation with other States parties, to support the exchange of civilian nuclear technology (for power and non-power related applications) which minimises the risks of proliferation. The UK continues to provide full support to the IAEA through our Regular Budget and Technical Cooperation (TC) Fund contributions and recognises the important work that the IAEA does in promoting peaceful uses of nuclear technology.”
The UK is a voluntary donor to the IAEA’s Peaceful Uses Initiative (PUI), which supplements the TC Fund with flexible funding. This supports rapid-response and high-priority projects, including pandemic-related diagnostics and zoonotic disease monitoring, as well as enabling technology transfer and training in developing states beyond the core TC budget.
The UK is working with the IAEA and under the UK and US led Sustained Dialogue on Peaceful Uses (SDPU) to remove barriers to access to nuclear technologies for peaceful purposes. The UK reports that the SPDU has engaged nearly 1,500 participants from over 96 countries leading to over 35 project concepts and multiple feasibility studies being taken forward.
Sources
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2021). UK national report pursuant to Actions 5, 20 and 21 of the NPT Review Conference 2010, for the 10th NPT Review Conference. 1 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London).
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2022). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London), 5 November. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-national-report-for-the-10th-review-conference/uk-national-report-pursuant-to-actions-5-20-and-21-of-the-treaty-on-the-npt-review-conference-2010-for-the-10th-npt-review-conference
Statement by the United Kingdom. Cluster III: Peaceful Uses. United Kingdom Delegation at the 2024 Preparatory Committee for the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (Geneva), 30 July 2024. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/second-preparatory-committee-for-the-2026-review-conference-to-the-treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-uk-statement-on-pillar-3.
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty (London). <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>, p. 39.
United States
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
The United States has voiced significant support for Article IV of the NPT, noting in a fact sheet released by the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Nonproliferation in 2000 that “The United States takes this commitment very seriously and has strongly supported peaceful nuclear cooperation both through international organizations and bilaterally.” The fact sheet concluded that “Clearly, the United States is fulfilling its obligations under Article IV of the NPT in many ways around the world.”
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
The United States has consistently maintained that its export control policies do not impose “undue constraints” on states seeking peaceful uses of nuclear technology. In a statement at the 2024 NPT PrepCom, U.S. officials noted that “Robust export controls are thoroughly consistent with, and in fact facilitate and enhance confidence in, the right of States Parties to develop and use nuclear energy and technology for peaceful purposes. Though there is ample rhetoric to the contrary, there is no evidence that strategic trade controls, including the multilateral export control regimes, hamper the international exchange of technology for peaceful uses or hinder any country’s economic development. Without export controls in place, governments of these exporting states would determine that the risk of nuclear supply was too high and would ban, rather than control, many exports.”
Sources
U.S. Department of State. “Article IV of the NPT: U.S. Support for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation.” Fact Sheet. April 1, 2000. https://1997-2001.state.gov/global/arms/bureau_np/000401_articleiv.html.
Warden, Jim. “Statement to Cluster 2 of the 2024 NPT PrepCom.” U.S. Department of State. Jule 26, 2024. https://2021-2025.state.gov/statement-to-cluster-2-of-the-2024-npt-prepcom/.