China
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Sources
France
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
The following agreements have been adopted to place relevant French installations under safeguards, according to the specificies of nuclear-weapon states:
- Voluntary Offer Agreement (VOA) between France, Euratom and the IAEA of July 27, 1978 (INFCIRC/290) in force since 12 September 1981
- Additional Protocol (AP) of 22 September 1998 (INFCIRC/290/Add.1) in force since 30 April 2004
- Safeguards Agreement for the Caribbean French territories of 21 March 2000 (INFCIRC/718) in force since 26 October 2007, together with the modifications on the Small Quantities Protocol of 17 September 2017, in force since 25 February 2019.
From 2013 to 2022, between 15 and 23 IAEA inspections were conducted annually on 17 eligible installations.
As per EURATOM agreements, financial and personnel costs linked to inspections are covered by EURATOM members.
Regarding nuclear security and safety, a national action plan, published in December 2012 by the Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection was peer reviewed at European level. The closing report for this plan, published in 2020 by the Authority, presented the measures defined by EDF in response to the peer review recommendations and the Authority’s requirements, which aim at improving protection against natural hazards and the loss of safety systems, as well as improving the management of a serious accident through the deployment of resources, such as the EDF nuclear rapid response team or the commissioning of an emergency power generator at each of the 56 nuclear reactors then in service.
Since 1985, France has also hosted 36 Operational Safety Review Team missions dedicated to the safe operation of nuclear power plants, and as many follow-up missions.
France contributes to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
In 2023 and 2024, the IAEA and the French government indicated that 10 inspections had taken place in France. Discussions are ongoing with the IAEA on the possibility of placing additional French civilian nuclear facilities to IAEA inspections.
Regarding nuclear security and safety, in the framework of the second thematic peer review on the safety of nuclear installations in the European Union, as provided for in Directive 2014/87/EURATOM of the Council of the European Union, France submitted its national self-assessment report on the topic of fire, coordinated by the Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, in 2023, and took part in the assessment of other member States’ reports.
Since 2024, IRSN, now the Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection, has been designated as an IAEA Collaborating Centre in the field of the safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine for diagnostic and treatment applications to contribute to the fight against cancer. Since 2021, the Authority for Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection has also been an IAEA capacity-building centre on radiological crisis management including, since 2024, with assistance from the IAEA technical crisis centre for crisis management preparedness and response.
Sources
National Report submitted by France. Report submitted by France under actions 5, 20 and 21 of the Final Document of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (2022–2026). NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2. 7 March 2025, https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/PC.III/2
Russia
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
Russia developed its national export control system in conformity with the principles of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee and Russian legislation requires its civilian nuclear cooperation partners to be Party to the NPT and comply with IAEA safeguards. Russia consistently encouraged all states to join relevant international conventions on nuclear safety and security.
Russia implemented capacity-building and training programmes for Russian and international nuclear specialists, including on nuclear safety and security, and provided assistance to newcomer countries in establishing the infrastructure necessary for the safe and successful implementation of national nuclear energy programmes, including regulatory frameworks, spent fuel and radioactive waste management systems, and personnel training, especially in countries constructing nuclear power plants based on Russian reactor technology.
In 2017 Russia and the IAEA signed an agreement aimed at strengthening IAEA efforts to promote capacity building in newcomer and expanding countries in areas including nuclear safety, stakeholder involvement and the development of a national position on nuclear power.
Russia reported that 74 training events for over 1200 foreign experts were organized in 2017-2023 within the framework of this initiative.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
Russia reaffirmed that its national export control system is based on the principles of the Nuclear Suppliers Group and the Zangger Committee, and the export rules and control lists produced by them.
Russia continued to provide nuclear newcoming countries with assistance in establishing infrastructure for safe and secure implementation of their national nuclear energy programmes
In its national report to the 2026 NPT Review Conference Russia reported that over 2,800 foreign specialists from 95 countries have been trained at Rosatom Technical Academy and more than 5,000 operational personnel have been trained for nuclear power plants that Russia is building abroad.
Sources
National report of the Russian Federation for the 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 21 May 2015.
https://www.un.org/en/conf/npt/2015/pdf/NPT-CONF2015-48_National%20report%20of%20the%20Russian%20Fed_E.pdf
National report of the Russian Federation, 2020 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 19 March 2021.
https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2020/17/Rev.1
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ‘IAEA, Rosatom Sign Agreement to Strengthen IAEA Nuclear Infrastructure Capacity Building’. 19 April 2017.
https://viennamission.mid.ru/en/news/19-04-2017_o-peregovora_78ce8d4cb235da22b1f250d9984c4aa7/
Statement by Russia. Cluster III: Peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 2024 Session of the Preparatory Committee for the 11th NPT Review Conference (Geneva), 29 July 2024
https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/news/1964213/?lang=en
National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.
https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14
United Kingdom
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
After Brexit the UK established an independent domestic nuclear safeguards regime. The Office for Nuclear Regulation took over responsibility for domestic safeguards from Euratom, and the UK signed new international agreements with the IAEA to replace the existing trilateral arrangements. As part of the same process, the UK concluded a number of bilateral Nuclear Cooperation Agreements to maintain continuity of civil nuclear trade under international safeguards.
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
The United Kingdom states that it ensures that “civil nuclear cooperation is used to encourage others to adhere to safeguards implementation. For example, when we discuss Nuclear Cooperation Agreements and MoUs with third countries, we raise the importance of the AP. We also encourage any countries who have not yet signed a Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement to enter into talks with the IAEA to do so”.
On new reactor designs, the UK states that it is working closely with the IAEA to ensure safeguards are designed into new reactor types such as SMRs from the outset
On AUKUS, the UK states that its cooperation with Australia to build nuclear-powered attack submarines is in line with its international obligations under the NPT and IAEA. The UK IAEA will maintain oversight of nuclear material under an Article 14 arrangement, which will include verification measures to enable the IAEA to continue to meet its technical safeguards objectives throughout the submarines’ lifecycle.
Sources
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the tenth Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty, p. 33<https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty, p. 23. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
United States
View country profileWhat has the NWS done so far (prior to the current Review Cycle)?
See Actions 29-37 and 41-46
What is the NWS doing on this action in the current Review Cycle?
See Actions 29-37 and 41-46
Sources
N/A