France has ratified the Convention on Civil Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Paris Convention) as well as the Supplementary Convention to the Paris Convention on Civil Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Brussels Supplementary Convention). Their provisions are incorporated into domestic law by Law No. 68-943 of 30 October 1968, on civil liability in the field of nuclear energy, as amended by Law No. 90-488 of 16 June 1990, and codified by Order No. 2012-6 of 5 January 2012, amending Books I and V of the Environmental Code.
On 30 July 2014, France ratified the joint protocol for the application of the Vienna Convention and the Paris Convention.
On 13 and 28 August 2013, France and the United States signed a joint declaration on civil liability for nuclear damage. This declaration affirms the two countries’ commitment to contributing to the establishment of a global nuclear civil liability regime that ensures fair compensation for victims of nuclear accidents, as recommended by the IAEA. The declaration encourages states to accede to such a regime. France considers, in particular, that the revised Paris (and Brussels, Additional) and Vienna Conventions, as well as the Common Protocol on the Application of the Paris and Vienna Conventions, constitute an appropriate basis for compensation for nuclear damage.
France has continued to promote its current policy regarding the civil nuclear liability regime.
Conventions sur la responsabilité civile, Permanent Mission of France to the UN Organisations in Vienna, https://onu-vienne.delegfrance.org/Conventions-sur-la-responsabilite-civile
Russia has put in force a civil nuclear liability regime through a combination of international commitments and national legislation. Russia ratified the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage in 2005. Russian national legislation incorporates key principles of the convention.
At the 2026 NPT Review Conference Russia reaffirmed that it considers the Vienna Convention to be an integral part of the emerging global civil nuclear liability regime.
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. ‘Concerning Russia's Ratification of the Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage’. 31 March 2005
https://mid.ru/fr/foreign_policy/news/1705617/?lang=en
National report of the Russian Federation, 2026 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (New York), 2 March 2026.
https://docs.un.org/en/NPT/CONF.2026/14
The United Kingdom is Party to the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Paris Convention) and the Brussels Convention Supplementary to the Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy (Brussels Supplementary Convention). These are implemented domestically through the Nuclear Installations Act 1965.
The UK acceded to the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, on 1 January 2026. The enabling legislation is contained in the Energy Act 2023 and The Nuclear Installations (Compensation for Nuclear Damage) (Amendment) Regulations 2025, which updated the Nuclear Installations Act 1965.
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (2026). National report of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland pursuant to actions 5, 20 and 21 of the action plan of the 2010 Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons for the eleventh Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty. <https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df600a53469bbcdf408e8b/UK-National-Report-11th-Treaty-on-the-Non-Proliferation-of-Nuclear-Weapons-NPT-Review-Conference.pdf>
Written Statement by Lord Vallance (2025). The United Kingdom’s Accession to the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage (CSC). House of Lords. 13 October. https://questions-statements.parliament.uk/written-statements/detail/2025-10-13/hlws939
The United States’ domestic civil nuclear liability regime is governed by the 1957 Price-Anderson Act, which accords with U.S.-specific tort law. The United States did not did not sign the Protocol to Amend the Vienna Convention, nor is it party to the underlying Vienna Convention or to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s (OECD) Paris Convention on Third Party Liability in the Field of Nuclear Energy, because those conventions do not take into account the U.S. system of tort liability.
The United States did, however, become party to the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage in 2008, noting that its national law complied with the provisions of the Annex to the Convention. The treaty entered into force in April 2015.
In January 2026, the Conference to Consider and Adopt Proposed Amendments to the Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage––with a U.S. representative acting as President––adopted by consensus an amendment that removes the requirement for States with no nuclear reactors to contribute public funds to the Convention. The amendment has not yet entered into force.
U.S. Department of Energy. “Price-Anderson Act: Report to Congress.” January 2023. https://www.energy.gov/sites/default/files/2023-02/PAA%20Report%20January%202023_0.pdf.
United States Senate. “Convention on Supplementary Compensation on Nuclear Damage.” Text – Treaty Document: Senate Consideration of Treaty Document 107-21. 3 August 2006. https://www.congress.gov/treaty-document/107th-congress/21/document-text
International Atomic Energy Agency. “Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage.” 3 October 2025. https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/22/06/supcomp_status.pdf.
International Atomic Energy Agency. “Amendment to Convention on Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage Adopted by Consensus.”14 January 2026. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/amendment-to-convention-on-supplementary-compensation-for-nuclear-damage-adopted-by-consensus.